Indiscreet and Indiscrete - Commonly Confused Words

Tactless and Indiscrete - Commonly Confused Words The homophones tactless and rash are not equivalent words. Rash is the more typical word. Rash is a specialized term essentially utilized in logical composition. The modifier tactless methods impulsive, lacking decision making ability, or thoughtlessly garrulous. The thing types of indiscreetâ areâ indiscreetnessâ andâ indiscretion. The modifier careless methods not isolated into unmistakable parts. The thing type of tactless is tactlessness. See additionally: Discreet and Discrete Models The attorneys careless comments to the media incited an irate reaction from the adjudicator. Dr. John Watson: One word, Sherlock! That is all I would have required! Single word to tell me that you were alive!Sherlock Holmes: Ive about been in contact so often, however I stressed that, you know, you may state something indiscreet.Dr. John Watson: What?Sherlock Holmes: Oh, you know, let the feline out of the bag.(Martin Freeman and Benedict Cumberbatch in The Empty Hearse. Sherlock, 2014) The careless core doesn't have an atomic layer and is along these lines not independent from the cytoplasm. Practice(a) Questions are never _____; answers in some cases are.(Oscar Wilde, An Ideal Husband)(b) Topology plans to formalize some consistent, _____ highlights of room. Answers to Practice Exercises Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words200 Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs Answers to Practice Exercises: Indiscreet and Indiscrete (a) Questions are rarely rash; answers at times are.(Oscar Wilde, An Ideal Husband)â (b) Topology expects to formalize some persistent, careless highlights of room. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

The Portrait of Medieval Social Classes as Presented in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Canterbury Tales

The General Prologue satisfies two capacities: it recounts to the tale of how the stories came to be told, and it presents the tellers. There are around thirty pioneers heading out to Canterbury to appeal to the sacred ecstatic saint St. Thomas of Becket. These characters can be viewed as the representation of the entire Middle English society. All the explorers can be isolated into specific hierarchic structure of classes. The least difficult division of society was into three domains: the individuals who battle, the individuals who implore, and the individuals who work, encapsulated by the Knight, the Parson and the Plowman.Women were regularly treated as a bequest to themselves. The fundamental tripartite division of society, for example, is reflected in Chaucer’s making his Knight, Parson and Plowman the three perfect characters on the journey alongside the Clerk to represent the individuals who learn and educate. Nonetheless, I need to concede that this division isn't so self-evident, which I clarified underneath. ‘Chaucer begins the presentation of travelers with the most noteworthy positioning layman, the Knight, with his company, and proceeds with the most elevated positioning ministers, the Prioress and the Monk.The Merchant, Clerk, Sergeant of Law, and Franklin who follow were viewed pretty much as social equivalents, and different delegates of the white collar classes, the vast majority of them quick to propel themselves up the social stepping stool, follow in to some degree indiscriminate request. The Summoner and Pardoner are social and good loners in pretty much every sense, with no undeniable spot either in a class progressive system or in the ‘common weal’, society as an arrangement of shared support’ (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996).According to Helen Cooper, the fundamental association at that point is by rank, yet with some telling special cases and some haphazardness: society isn't an arranged chain of command, not least in light of the fact that the individuals who form it are hesitant to remain in their places. The Knight and Squire speak to altogether different sorts, and capacities, of gallantry. The Monk is depicted in wording that make him an alternate sort of antitype to the Knight, and the characteristics that may be anticipated from each are traded: the Monk chases and cherishes great food and garments, while the Knight is plain who has committed his life to administration of Christ (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). In the event that there is a sure rationale in the request for the pioneers, notwithstanding, the substance of the individual representations shows a steady variety. The pressure can fall on appearance, previous existence, the pilgrim’s own voice or mental self view, moral fidelity, or tastes and needs. The homes structure recommend that the travele rs will be characterized by their work, however while a large number of the representations embrace a proper language, just hardly any show their subject doing what their office requires.In my work I will depict and present each character and afterward rundown the picture of the class in general, lastly, in the synopsis I will advance the entire picture of society all in all by summarizing the highlights of every social class. Gallantry Chivalry was without a doubt the most significant of social classes in medieval times. They battled for the ruler, his realm and the religion. Valor is additionally these days considered as an example of conduct of perfect man: he must be fearless, delicate for women and fair; he likewise must be prepared to kick the bucket for his beliefs.There are three characters speaking to this class in The General Prologue. These are the Knight, the Squire, and the Yeoman. The Knight is depicted by Chaucer with deference and respect. Chaucer doesn't utilize any incongruity or parody in the depiction of the Knight; the incongruity is saved to the individuals who miss the mark concerning the standard of flawlessness he sets. The capacity of the Knight was to battle; yet all through Christian history, and progressively in the late fourteenth century, there was a significant disquiet at the idea of Christian battling Christian.The wars that were held in the most noteworthy regard were those battled in the reason for God, against the unbeliever. ‘The knight isn't just a contender: he is that generally respected of warriors, a Crusader’ (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). He took an interest in numerous wars against Muslims in Spain, North Africa, and the Near East; and agnostics around the Baltic. The Knight’s representation varies from those of a large portion of different explorers in a few regards. He is depicted preferably as far as good traits over physical app earance.It strengthens the feeling of his plainness, his commitment more to God than to things of the world. He is additionally portrayed as far as what others consider him: he is ‘evere respected for his worthynesse’, set ‘aboven alle nacions’ at the table of respect, ‘everemoore he hadde a sovereyn prys’ (operation. cit. ‘The General Prologue’, The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer; lines 50, 53, 67). It is a representation of perfect Christian knighthood. Pretty much every explorer has some specific object of want, that the Knight’s ought to be: ‘Trouthe and respect, opportunity and curteisie’ (operation. it. line 46). The Knight is viewed as impeccable by Chaucer. He is unobtrusive as a house keeper, he is given to God more than any of the characters speaking to church. He here and there battled in favor of Muslims, however just on the off chance that they battled against different Muslims; he had never bat tled against Christians. In spite of his valorous deeds, the knight never bragged his activities, nor exhausted his audience members. The Squire would be a possibility for knighthood. He is youthful, most likely in his twenties. He is a child of the Knight. When not in fight, he considers himself an all in all a lady’s man.He takes fastidious consideration of his appearance. He could likewise sing vigorous tunes, make tunes, compose verse, and ride a pony with unique excellence. He additionally has the various legitimate credits to go with his being a youthful sweetheart: a fine figure, a running military vocation, and all the cultured achievements thought about those occasions as being proper for winning one’s woman. As indicated by Helen Cooper, the Squire is the iconographic picture of youthful love and its long stretch of May (operation. cit. line 92), for the month was frequently introduced as chic and joyously dressed youth on horseback.Chaucer doesn't exactly of fer us the Squire at his own valuation-an absolute inability to rest by virtue of adoration has a tender dash of the silly about it, just as the hyperbolic, however the ‘fresshe floures’ weaved on his garments, and his relationship with the spring with restless feathered creatures make Squire a ‘courtly form of the lifetime of spring’ (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). The Squire isn't just youthful, solid, and in adoration; he is obliging, anxious to server, and in all regards immaculate of his sort, anyway not quite the same as his father’s type.The Yeoman was a hireling of the Knight and Squire. He was known as a specialist woodsman and a fantastic toxophilite. A knight held a situation in the public eye that must be noticeably kept up, by the nearness of in any event an insignificant entourage. The Yeoman is the hireling he brings separated from the Squire, a humility of show that Chaucer remarks in lines 100-101 (operation. cit. ). One would anticipate a Yeoman in the organization of such a Knight to be a military figure, a longbowman; by the expansion of green garments and the chasing horn, Chaucer characterizes him all the more intently, as a forester.A forester could be anything from a senior regulatory authority to a gamekeeper: the Yeoman’s information on ‘wodecraft’ demonstrates him to be one of the more down to earth kind. ‘The Yeoman is anything but a standard figure in domains writing, however Chaucer makes and iconography for him as adequately as he reproduces the customary pictures of the Squire. Regardless of whether the Yeoman actually needs his bow, peacock, bolts, and horn on a journey is less significant than the manner in which they serve to characterize him.His greatness as a yeoman is summarized in the neologism Chaucer makes for him, yemanly’ (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). To sum up, the gallantry social class agents are appeared as courageous men, skilful in fight, popular for their deeds, prepared to bite the dust for their convictions; workers of their rulers and bosses. The valor partakes in wars and is valued by the remainder of network for its quality, respect, acclaim, and humility. Organization The ministry is in the white collar class of medieval social hierarchy.Chaucer utilizes a great deal of parody and incongruity as he portrays individuals from this home in The General Prologue. Individuals from this social class who take an interest in the journey are the Prioress, the Monk, the Friar, the Summoner, the Parson, and the Pardoner. Portrayals of these characters are substantially more rich in parody and incongruity than some other. The Prioress was a head of religious community. She was somewhat accomplished, despite the fact that her French was not the acknowledged Parisian French. She was exceptionally shy and fragile. At the point when she ate, she took extraordinary consideration for her social graces. She was obliging and affable and attempted to mirror the habits of the court.She had three little dogs with her which she treated delicately and softly. Her dress was exceptionally perfect and clean and she wore a gold ornament with the engraving ‘amor vincit omnia’. ‘Chaucer’s portrayal of the Prioress is loaded up with delicate and inconspicuous incongruity. Here is an image of a woman who happens to be a pious devotee, yet she always remembers that she is a woman first. Her pledge, ‘by Sainte Loy’ suggests that she has picked the most popular and attractive holy person who was additionally well known for his incredible courtesy’ (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992). She accentuation on her appearance.The Monk’s depiction just

Treatment Programs for Depressed Teens

Treatment Programs for Depressed Teens Depression Childhood Depression Print Treatment Programs for Teens Experiencing Depression Depressed teens sometimes need residential treatment to heal By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 02, 2019 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Tetra Images / Getty Images Symptoms of depression often become apparent during adolescence, though teenage depression may look different from depression in adults. A normally active teen may become lethargic. Or a teen who used to enjoy socializing may suddenly become withdrawn. Depression is very treatable with the help of professional intervention. Left untreated, however, depression can get worse and it may affect all areas of your teens life. Their grades may decline, they may stop spending time with friends, and they may have trouble meeting their responsibilities.  Its important to be on the lookout for warning signs that your teen may be depressed. If you recognize warning signs, its essential to get professional help which may include outpatient therapy or treatment programs.   Overview of Teen Depression Outpatient Therapy Outpatient therapy is often a very effective treatment for depression. Talk therapy may involve helping your teen change the way they think or it could involve changing some of their behavior that reinforces their feelings of depression (like sleeping all day on the weekends).   Therapy may also involve the family. A therapist may want to address issues that affect the entire family, like divorce ongoing family conflict.   Most of the time, therapy is very helpful in reducing symptoms of depression. Occasionally, however, symptoms dont get better. And they might even get worse. If therapy doesnt work, a teen may need a higher level of care. Why Family Therapy May Be a Good Option for Your Teen When to Consider a Treatment Program It may be time to consider a treatment program for a  depressed teen  when:They are actively suicidal.They are using drugs or alcohol.Their  depressive symptoms  significantly impact their ability to function in daily life.They are not responding positively to outpatient therapy or less intensive treatment options. Treatment Programs There are several different types of treatment programs available to teens. A therapist or your teens pediatrician will usually refer your teen to the best program for their case. Day Treatment Programs   Day treatment programs, which are ideal for teens who dont need 24-hour care, offer a structured, supportive environment during the day. They  can help a teen who is struggling in school or otherwise having significant problems in trying to cope on a daily basis with their depression. Teens may attend for the majority of the day and then return home in the evenings. Often, programs coordinate their school to allow the student to continue their normal daily routine while providing extra support. Day treatment programs offer a variety of services, including: Clinical assessmentIndividual, family, and group therapyRehabilitation activities Residential Programs   Residential treatment centers  and  therapeutic boarding schools are specifically designed to treat mental health disorders. They  are staffed to provide constant supervision and therapeutic support. These programs are set up to treat mental health disorders by providing the following services: Academic programmingAn individualized treatment planIndividual and group therapy  Psychiatric care, including medicationAlternative therapies, like art therapy or pet therapyDischarge planning Residential programs that may not be well suited for teens with depression, and which in some cases can worsen the symptoms, include  wilderness therapy  and  boot camps, as these programs may not provide adequate mental health support for the treatment of depression.   Hospital Programs A depressed teen who is suicidal may need to be admitted to a  psychiatric hospital  in order to ensure their safety. The primary goal in this setting is to decrease suicidal thoughts by providing structure, medication, and intensive therapy. Hospital stays are short, fast-paced, and intense and most teens need to transition to a residential program for further treatment. Sometimes the hospital treatment can be involuntary. During their stay, teens often participate in activities such as: Academic programsFamily therapy  Group therapy  Individual therapy  Multi-family groupsOccupational, recreational and art therapies  Psychological testing What You Should Know Psychiatric Hospitals for Teens Helping Your Teen Cope Don’t be surprised if your teen insists nothing is wrong or is resistant to treatment. Many teens are embarrassed, ashamed, afraid, or confused by the symptoms of depression. Be patient and do your best to explain to your teen that there is no shame in seeking help. Be available to listen to their concerns and encourage them to talk to you about any fears they may be having. If your  teen outright refuses to get help, you can talk to a therapist to come up with new ideas and skills for helping your teen better cope. The 7 Best Online Help Resources for Depression

How I Learned From Class Into My Writing - 876 Words

This semester has been full of ups and downs. At the beginning of the semester I thought Writing 102 was going to be very similar to other writing courses that I have taken. However, as the semester wore on, I came to the realization that this course would be challenging for me. I have always thought that my writing was fine and that I could skate by with mediocre papers. This thought process could not have been further from the truth. To be successful in writing classes such as this one, I needed to follow a writing process. I needed to utilize the information I learned from class into my writing. In previous courses, I would usually do my own thing and come up with a mediocre paper at the last minute. This semester I figured out that to be successful, I need to use all the resources around me. I needed to start papers early so I could efficiently write, review, and revise my writing. Having a writing process has helped me improve my writing in all facets this semester. Writing 102 has taught a lot about myself. When I first signed up for this class, I was a little nervous about taking a literature based writing course. I have never really been interested in literature. I originally signed up for the literature writing class because it was the only class that worked into my schedule. Once we were a few weeks into the semester, I gradually started to warm up to the idea of writing and analyzing literature. I don’t know if it was noticeable in my writing, but I feel thatShow MoreRelatedMy First Time Making A Career Goal1516 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Lesson Learned To me, this semester has gone by pretty fast and during this semester, I learned so much in this course in a short period of time. I learned how to study different methods of writing and writing in different purposes. 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The Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 - 648 Words

Clearly, this period was marked by political instability of which the communists sought to take advantage of. In 1954, Khalid Bakdash won a seat in parliament as the first communist elected to an Arab parliament. The Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 strengthened the communist influence in Syria after signing a pack with the Soviet Union in exchange for military equipment. Soviet support to Syria was part of the greater strategic battle playing out in the Middle East between the Western and Eastern blocs. It was apparent that Syrian political power was likely to shift towards communism at this point. The Communist Party of Syria was becoming highly organized and the army’s chief of staff, Afif al-Bizri, was a Communist sympathizer (Irvine, 2013). Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser pushed for a political union with Syria. Partially in support of Arab nationalism but also in part to block the communist influence in Syria. Nasser himself was fearful of communist takeover and during his presidency the Egyptian Communist Party was banned. Clearly, the growing Communist Party of Syria did not deem this unification desirable, but support for the unity was quite popular resulting from Nasser’s leadership and diplomatic victory in the Suez Canal Crisis. Therefore, they could not strongly oppose the creation of the United Arab Republic in 1958. This union was short lived as Nasser refused to share significant power with Syria. Syria became independent once again after a military coup inShow MoreRelatedThe 1956 Suez Crisis in Terms of U.S Involvement Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1956, the United States, led by President Dwight Eisenhower, became self-enveloped in the Suez Canal Crisis involving Israel, Egypt, France, and Great Britain. 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Great Britain’s role in the war does not fit within any of the categories of being a just war in either â€Å"jus ad bellum† or in â€Å"jus in bello.† A â⠂¬Å"just war† can be justified if it brings peace to a region however; in this case, the Suez War was fought to retain the British’s colonial powersRead MoreThe Suez Crisis: The Sun Sets on the Days of Empire1009 Words   |  4 PagesThe Suez Crisis: The Sun sets on the days of Empire. In the latter half of the 20th century, and following on from the international changes wrought by the Second World War, the old imperialist nations began to realise that the world had changed and that they were no longer global powers. In 1922, Oswald Spengler wrote that the rise of nations and cultures is inevitably followed by their eclipse. 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More often than not the decision by Eden to invade Egypt following a disagreement about nationalization of the Suez Canal is often cited as a the worst foreign policy decision that destroyed Eden political career and humiliated British empire in its wake. The decision by Eden to use military force against Nasser is often viewed byRead MoreEssay about The Establishment of the United Nations Emergency Force705 Words   |  3 PagesNovember , 1956 that 57 UN states voted in favor of Lester Pearson’s idea of establishing a large scale peacekeeping force. 1 This large scale peacekeeping force would be known as the United Nations Emergency Force ( UNEF) and would be responsible to securing an end to th e Suez Crisis. 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The Suez Crisis was an incident that first commenced on the 29th of October, 1956, in which Israeli military forces entered the Sinai Peninsular and attacked Egyptian positions, driving them back. By the next day, Israeli forces had reached the Suez Canal, after taking a majority of the Sinai Peninsular. (Best, Hanhimaki, Maiolo Schulze, 2008, p.432). Britain and France then both issued

Sop for Canada Student (Study Permit) Visa Free Essays

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE I have always aspired to choose a career in a field that really stimulates me and holds a natural appeal to me. Today as I stand at the pathway of learning, I have with out hesitation chosen the field that excites me the most and draw the best of my abilities. The very quest to resolve the basic underlying principle of programming has been a source of tremendous inspiration and has promoted me to choose computers as my undergraduate and postgraduate. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop for Canada Student (Study Permit) Visa or any similar topic only for you Order Now MY INTEREST: My inspiration to pursue a career in computer science was kindled by my high grades in Master of computer science and further due to my desire for challenging career. Computers was always been a compelling interest to me. Not only because of the depth of research that is possible in the fields, this being a developing field and I am aware that there is a large scope for improvement and vast exposure. I wish to pursue higher grades in my higher studies in this field. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: I was very fortunate to have my foundation of my education in SBOA, where my aptitude for mathematics science developed and was very keenly interested in these subjects. After completing my higher secondary schoolSBOAone of the leading colleges that produced excellent teaching staff toppers. After completing my Intermediate educations I studied B. A from KARACHI UNIVERSITY (KARACHI). After B. A I completed MSC (database designing , software engineering and business process are my interesting subject ) from Preston university karachi. In 2006 I started my MS computer science (selected subjects data warehouse , database designing , software engineering and business process reengineering) from SVCE my thesis on business intelligence in education sector. During the few years of my studies, I was exposed to fundamental aspects and potentials of my Software engineering. Which helped me gain a firm grasp of fundamentals as well as developed a special liking for the Computer basics and its applications? WORKING EXPRERIENCE: For the past five years I have been working as a system analysis cum computer programmer at the SVCE. I am working on the design and development of a † university system†. This long period has given me invaluable practical experience. It has given me the confidence to pursue a PhD degree and also kindled a desire to do research. WHY YOUR UNIVERSITY: I have learnt from your dept brochure and various other sources about the extensive research being under taken, especially in my areas of interest under the guidance of your eminent faculty and state of art at your esteemed university. Ten years from now I see myself leading an active research been engaged in works of advanced research. Given a chance to pursue RESEARCH study at your university. I am confident of my ability to measure up to your standards. I hope my application will be received forwardly and assure you that my interest and dedication will be reflected in my course work. An assistantship will certainly go a long way in motivating me further and strengthening my determination to realize my career objectives. My sole aim for coming to your country is to complete my MGMTscience that will enhance my career opportunities when I return to Pakistan. How to cite Sop for Canada Student (Study Permit) Visa, Essay examples

No More Accidents Essays - Helmets, Bicycle Helmet, Hockey Helmet

No More Accidents No More Accidents Bike helmet safety is a big problem in our society. People do not realize that a bike helmet to a biker is the same as a seat belt to a motorist. We as bikers need all the protection that we can get since we don't have the tank-like protection of a '88 Ford Tempo. So now I am going to tell you a story of a personal experience, the basics to a helmet and some statistics Even though bike helmets are designed to lessen the impact in one particular spot and disperse the force throughout the helmet. The helmet however is not the most safest thing to but in our society. Most manufactures today tend to make helmets that have a lot of holes and are made for fashion instead of for being a good helmet. The plastic coating on most helmets is there to prevent less friction when you are sliding down on your head. The air holes on the helmet provide better air flow and a fresh new style but they lessen the fact of the force upon impact will have less of a space to disperse the force into. Do not get me wrong all the bicycle helmets on the market pass at least the minimum of the standard. In Austrailia the market had to lower the standard of their helmets because they were soo expensive, so that people would buy their helmets. Being in a bike accident is a very tramatizing thing to go through. I went through several accidents, but one accident in particular knocked some sense into me about helmet safety. One summer morning I woke up like every other day. I did all the normal things one would do in the morning like taking a shower, eating breakfast and getting dressed. After I got myself all set up to go out for the day, I called up one of my friends to go do something. It was another one of San Francisco's beautiful weather days so we decided to go bicycle riding and to play some basketball. So, then I start to head out of my house to get my bicycle ready for departure about 10am. Now I am on my way to my friends' house. The first half of my ride was pretty basic, all it was just a nice cruise down hill. The second part however was not so much difficult as I just had to keep my eyes on the path. I was going on some off road bike trails through the Lake Merced area. I was having a good time except when I hit the home stretch. I was hitting a turn going about 15 MPH when all of a sudden I blacked out. I wake up to see everything, people, the sky, and the ground, in a blood reddish tint. At that point I knew something bad had happened even thought I was feeling fine. I don't remember getting up, just stumbling around like I just learned to walk. I notice that everyone is starring at me like I was crazy. I see the friend that I was going to meet standing in the crowd holding my bike. I asked him if my bike was all right and he replied by saying that I have worse things to worry about. At that point I turned around and noticed that the fire fighters came and were leading me over to their truck. They started to clean up my face. I was asking for a mirror so I could get some idea of what condition that I was in. When I brought the mirror up to my face I was completely horrified of the condition that I was in. The complete right hand side of my face looked like someone had taken a cheese grater to my face. My face was completely covered in blood, mangled facial tissue, dirt and pebbles. When I saw this I dropped the mirror on the ground. Looking at the mirror on the ground I could see that the rest of my body was in the same condition as my face. I personally don't think that it was a good idea to give someone

Cell Transport Essay Example

Cell Transport Essay Example Cell Transport Paper Cell Transport Paper Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 1: Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You have not completed the Pre-lab Quiz. 09/20/11 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: The molecular weight of urea is 60. 07. Do you think urea will diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? Your answer : c. No, not at all. Predict Question 2: Recall that glucose is a monosaccharide, albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids, and the average molecular weight of a single amino acid is 135 g/mole. Which of the following will be able to diffuse through the 200 MWCO membrane? Your answer : a. neither glucose nor albumin Stop Think Questions: The reason sodium chloride didnt diffuse left to right is that You correctly answered: c. the membrane pore size was too small. Glucose is a six-carbon sugar. Albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids. The average molecular weight of a single amino acid is 135 g/mole. There is no reason to run these solutes at the 20 MWCO because You correctly answered: d. lucose and albumin are both too large to pass. The rate of diffusion for urea You correctly answered: b. is slower than that for sodium because urea is a larger molecule. Experiment Data: Solute Na+ ClUrea Na+ ClNa+ ClNa+ ClUrea Glucose Albumin MWCO 20 20 50 50 100 100 200 200 Solute Concentration 9. 00 9. 00 9. 00 18. 00 9. 00 9. 00 9. 00 9. 00 Average Diffusion Rate 0. 0000 0. 0000 0. 0150 0. 0300 0. 0150 0. 0094 0. 0040 0. 0000 09/20/11 page 2 Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 50% by an swering 2 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. The effect of increasing the concentration of sodium chloride from 9 mM to 18 mM in the left beaker was to Your answer: c. no change to the rate of diffusion. Correct answer: b. increase the rate of diffusion. 2. Describe the difference between the rate of diffusion seen for sodium and urea. Your answer: b. Urea diffused faster because it is smaller than sodium. Correct answer: c. Urea diffused more slowly because it is larger than sodium. 3. Which of the following solutes did not pass through any of the membranes? You correctly answered: b. lbumin 4. When diffusion stops, we say the solution has reached You correctly answered: a. equilibrium. 09/20/11 page 3 Review Sheet Results 1. Describe two variables that affect the rate of diffusion. Your answer: The size of the molecule, and the charge of the molecule 2. Why do you think the urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: Because Ureas molecular wei ght is 60. 07, 20 MWCO will only allow a molecular weight of up to 20 pass through. 3. Describe the results of the attempts to diffuse glucose and albumin through the 200 MWCO membrane. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: My prediction that neither glucose nor albumin would pass through the 200 MWCO membrane was wrong, true albumin did not pass through but gucose did because it is a smaller molecule. 4. Put the following in order from smallest to largest molecular weight: glucose, sodium chloride, albumin, and urea. Your answer: Sodium, Chloride, Urea, Glucose, Albumin 09/20/11 page 4

Rising Action in Literature Keeps Readers Engaged

Rising Action in Literature Keeps Readers Engaged Have you ever kept reading well into the night because you just couldnt put a book down? The rising action of a plot refers to the events that provoke conflict, build tension, and generate interest. It adds that edge-of-your-seat element that motivates you to keep reading until you reach the story climax. Rising Action in Action You can find rising action in many stories, from a complex novel to a simple childrens book. For example, the rising action in The Three Little Pigs takes place as the pigs set out and begin to make their own decisions. You can surmise that two of the pigs are asking for trouble when they choose flimsy materials to build their houses. Little suspicions such as these (along with the wolf lurking in the background)  build suspense: with each page, readers come to understand that these characters are headed for disaster. Things get more and more exciting and tense each time the wolf blows down a house. The action builds to the ultimate showdown between pig  and wolf. In literature, the rising action encompasses the decisions, background circumstances, and character flaws that lead a story from the opening exposition through the drama and run-up to the climax. The primary conflict  can be an external one, such as a clash between two men trying to exert their dominance at work, or it can be internal, as in the case of a college student who realizes she wants to leave school but cringes at the thought of telling her parents. Rising Action in Black and White As you read a novel, pay attention to clues that predict trouble down the road. It could be anything from  the appearance of  a character who  seems shady and untrustworthy, to the description of a clear morning marred by one dark cloud on the horizon.  You can practice identifying rising action by considering how the tension builds in the following tales: Little Red Riding HoodWhat is the first sign of trouble? Were you a bit unnerved when you learned that this innocent child would walk through the dangerous forest alone?Snow WhiteIn the original version, this story contains the ultimate evil character: the wicked stepmother. Her presence signals trouble to come. And that magic mirror adds another layer of intrigue to the story.CinderellaCinderella also  finds herself tormented by an evil stepmother. Her first meeting  with the prince foreshadows the complications to come, while the clock ticking closer to midnight on the night of the ball creates real tension.Hansel and GretelWhats with all the evil stepmothers? And who doesnt suspect that a confectionery cottage is too good to be true? It can be easy to see the suspense building in the short stories from childhood. But if you consider how subtle clues informed and cautioned you, you can find the same types of signs in more sophisticated books. Think about the suspenseful moments that build in each story to get a better sense of the development of rising action in the novels you read.

Computer-Based information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer-Based information system - Essay Example The paper will also discuss the computer-based information system of AT&T were misused by employees. The cloud-based data store is one of the recent information systems that was developed by AT&T Telecommunication Company. An article that was published by computer world indicated that the system is designed to help enterprise-based developers in the usage of (IoT) Internet of Things apps, as well as services. The system is designed to allow collection and the analysis of data more comfortable from various remote devices that are interconnected to large businesses (Hamblen, 2015). AT&T Company has also developed Monitoring systems for organizations. Currently, organization performance has been the primary focus for most organizations. Managers have been struggling on how they can improve the performance of their organizations by increasing performance by increasing supervision with a slight budget line. Monitoring systems have played a significant role in improving performance of various organizations (Computerworld, 1983). Computer based information system of AT&T has significantly reduced the cost of operations to most organizations. For instance, the development of cloud data stores played a significant role in cutting down the cost of hiring employees for a considerable number of organizations (AT&T Tech, 2012). Initially, most computer-based information systems of AT&T were predestined to improve the performance of the organization by either cutting down the cost of resources or improving the quality of services. Conversely, most information based system has been misused by employees for their personal gain. For instance, monitoring systems are designed to either monitor the performance of employees by the supervisors. A great part of monitoring systems is a computerized collection, analysis, storage as well as reporting

Sustainable business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sustainable business - Essay Example Landrum, Landrum and Edwards (2009, p. 4) define a sustainable business as that business which guarantees the â€Å"interest of all current and future stakeholders in a manner that ensures the long-term health and survival of the business and its associated economic, social, and environmental systems.† This makes us believe that sustainable businesses focus on how the business is going to affect the current and future consumers and what impact it is going to have on the overall environment. The objective is to create a positive difference in the environment or reducing the negative impact on the environment. We call that such a business is going green since it is environment friendly. A sustainable business is not only able to address the current needs of consumers but also works upon ensuring the well-being of future generations. There is a win-win situation between the business and the environment. Such businesses have built their reputation in the modern world because they boost the economy and provide the human beings with a healthier place to live

The Awakening - Movie :: essays research papers

Throughout the movie The Awakening, Robin Williams demonstrates his knowledge of the scientific method. The scientific method is a procedure of steps that is used to prove problems. In the movie it is used to show that patients suffering from an un-named disorder do have a slight opportunity to return to their normal state of being. The scientific method is a list of steps to prove something and make into a law or theory based on your final product and findings. It is composed of several steps, it starts with observations. Observations are where a person collects known data concerning what you are going to test on. Next they formulate a hypothesis based on their observations. After they have a hypothesis they perform several experiments to prove or disprove it. After this, they then form a theory and experiment based on their hypothesis. More observations and experiments follow this, until they finally come to a conclusion which is called a law. Throughout the movie The Awakening, Robin Williams uses the observation, hypotheses and experimenting steps in the scientific method. Observations included, noticing the lifeless behavior shown by the patients, their reflexes to moving objects, and the fact that they all had cases of encephalitis before. After he did all the research he formed several hypotheses and experimented to prove them. Robin Williams used strobe lights, talked to them, measured their brain patterns, and used games such as a Ouija board to prove some of his hypotheses. After he formed several hypotheses and experimented with them, he came across an article that explained how the use of a certain type of medicine which was used to treat a disease related to the one that he was investigating. He tried administrating the medicine to one of his patients, and observed the results. The patient demonstrated normal, human conditions and seemed to have no side effects. He then made a law that stated the medicine helped his patient, and gave it to all the patients in the ward. However, his observations were incorrect and the side effects were devastating. This is how Robin Williams demonstrated the steps of the scientific method

Sustainable Fresh Water Supply for Chennai City

Sustainable Fresh Water Supply for Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India A Status Update Joseph Thomas, Chief Technology Officer, Villgro, Chennai, India 3H, IIT Madras Research Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India 600113. Telephone +91 44 6663 0400, email:[email  protected] org, mobile +91 98840 49116 Key Words: Rain water harvesting, Sustainable water supply, Urban fresh water. Abstract Chennai city, one of the major metropolises of India, is situated at the northern coastal edge of the State of Tamil Nadu. The city is more well-known by its older name of Madras.Currently, Chennai is inhabited by more than 7 million people in an area of 176 sq km. Water supply for this population is maintained by tapping a combination of surface storage reservoirs and aquifers. The Chennai Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB), a statutory body established in 1978, is responsible for water supply and sewerage services in the Chennai Metropolitan Area. The main sources of public water supply in the city are the three reservoirs — Poondi, Redhills and Cholavaram — with an aggregate storage capacity of 175 million cubic metres (MCM).The other major resource is groundwater from the well-fields in the Araniar-Kortaliyar basin and the southern coastal aquifer, and also a large number of wells and tube-wells spread all across the city (Figure 1). Over-extraction of groundwater resulted in a rapid ingress of seawater, which extended from 3 km inshore in 1969 to 7 km in 1983 and 9 km in 1987[[i]]. Groundwater levels within the city also fell and brackish water began to appear, even in localities which earlier had good quality groundwater sources.The CMWSSB calculates water availability based on surface and aquifer contributions under its direct control. Since it perceived reservoirs and other surface supply as more significant for a long time, very little attention was paid to subsurface storage or ground water recharge. As an outcome of resea rch, done by several agencies the CMWSSB embarked on a campaign to create ground water recharge facilities in the city, and later throughout the State. This led to significant changes in ground water levels and to the quantum of water available to the population of a growing metropolis. pic]Figure 1. Introduction The Chennai Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) is solely responsible for providing drinking water and sewerage services to the residents of Chennai. One of India’s major metropolises, Chennai is situated at the northern coastal edge of the State of Tamil Nadu. The city is more well-known by its older name of Madras. Currently, Chennai is inhabited by more than 7 million people in an area of 176 sq km. The CMWSSB depends on surface reservoirs and ground water sources to maintain water supply to the residents.Supply is maintained through multiple means. Since Chennai is essentially low-lying and water supply is intermittent, most residents build undergr ound sumps that store the water. Subsequently, the water is pumped up to an overhead tank. In other cases, water tankers are dispatched by CMWSSB to various localities and the sumps are filled from the tankers. In other localities, CMWSSB has put in place above-ground water tanks and these are filled by the water tankers.In yet other places, residents collect water directly from the tanker, see Figure 2. [pic] Figure 2: Drinking water collection from tankers directly by residents. Despite the seemingly abundant sources of water, Chennai suffers continuously from water stress since the entire basin is dependent on rainfall. The annual rainfall in Chennai is 1200 mm [[ii]]. This quantum is, given the size of the Chennai basin, sufficient to meet the needs of the population. The problem is with the distribution of the rainfall.There are two rainy seasons in Chennai. The first is the Southwest monsoon, which has patchy rains and contributes about 25% of the total rain and falls between May and September. This does not do much for ground water recharge. However, the Northwest Monsoon (Oct to Dec) is usually characterized by a series of storms that brings the remaining 75% of total rain in extremely short bursts. During this time, Chennai is prone to flooding and, before 2003, a large part of this water would have been lost as run-off into the sea.CMWSSB traditionally focused its attention on increasing surface storage, transporting fresh water from long distances. Like the Telugu Ganga project – probably one of the longest canals built for water supply to the city that failed to ease the water problem. Another attempt was to divert water from Chembaramabakkam and Veeranam tanks whereby the water rights of the agrarian community were infringed. Drilling of borewells in the Cuddalore belt and installation of turbine pumps to tap 100mld whereby the groundwater which again supports the local agriculture community was depleted.None of these solutions were sustain able in the long run and yet CMWWSSB paid very little attention to ground water recharge that had that potential. In 1997, at the Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre (MCRC), Chennai, [[iii]] a study was conducted to understand the user experience. The study surveyed 10,000 households in 155 corporation wards of Chennai. The focus was on how residents get their water needs met and how the water is utilised. Raw data from this study was further analyzed by Dr. A Vaidyanathan and J. Saravanan [[iv]].These studies clearly established that the contribution of ground water could be as high as 80% in some cases. The next section will take up a quick summary of the research and the subsequent sections will deal with the steps taken by CMWSSB and other civil society organisations to get rain water harvesting introduced. The final section will describe the results of these efforts on the ground water table. The research and changes The survey conducted by MCRC was across 10,000 househ olds, representing a roughly 1 percent sample.Another 2500 surveys across, business, educational, institutional, governmental and industrial establishments were undertaken between September, 1995 and January, 1996. The analysis phase took up another year. The main recommendations of the study were to a) encourage public participation in water conservation and ground water recharge b) promote and propagate water saving/replacement technologies in the domestic sector c) use surface water to reduce ground water usage d) encourage ground water recharge by adoption of low-cost water harvesting ystems, cleaning of water-ways and renovation of existing recharge structures, such as temple tanks. In 1999 a National Water Harvesters’ Network was set up by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) water harvesters’ advisory committee in New Delhi. Members suggested that a regional network be initiated in Tamil Nadu to promote rainwater harvesting in Chennai [[v]]. Professor M. S. Swaminathan, provided office space for the network unit in Chennai and Prof. A. Vaidyanathan agreed to chair the group.The Tamil Nadu unit of the national water-harvesting network was launched in April 1999. The network was meant to: (i) provide an opportunity for individuals and institutions actively engaged in water harvesting, in Chennai, to share their knowledge and experience and promote free and open interaction among them; and (ii) to reach out to a wider public in the city and outside to propagate the role of urban rainwater harvesting in terms of technology, experience and its potential contribution in meeting urban water needs. It was Prof.Vaidyanathan who then asked for the raw data from the MCRC study and did his own assertion of the data and analysis. In the background paper that came out of the analysis [3] the following was stated: â€Å"The present paper is meant to give an overview of the present and future needs of the city, the limited and expensive scope for augmenting surface supplies, the need for a two-pronged strategy of conservation/recycling and Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) to increase ground water recharge. † This confirmed the results of the MCRC study.Both the MCRC study and the CSE study highlighted the dependence of people on multiple sources for their water consumption rather than just CMWSSB and the heavy dependence on groundwater by both. Thus the RWH campaign was backed up by strong research results of MCRC and CSE. These studies were necessary to convince the public and the policy makers. It should be mentioned here that the then Chairman and Managing Director of CMWSSB, Ms. Shanta Sheela Nair understood these results and backed the RWH movement fully. In a 2006 publication [[vi] ] Prof. Vaidyanathan and his colleague, J.Saravanan summarized the action of the government as follows: â€Å"In Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, the growing dependence on groundwater since the 1970s is evident in the sinking of increa sing numbers of open wells and deep bore wells. This trend, a symptom of the increasing water scarcity in the city, led to a progressive decline in groundwater levels as well as seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. Faced with this crisis, the State government passed the Chennai Groundwater Regulation Act in 1987, which sought mainly to curb the commercial groundwater exploitation within the city limits.In 2001, rainwater harvesting (RWH) became mandatory in multi-storeyed buildings. The unprecedented and severe droughts in the ensuing two years intensified the groundwater crisis to such a degree that, in August 2003, the government passed an ordinance making RWH mandatory for all buildings (existing and new) in the city and throughout the State. It further set a deadline of October 31, 2003 for this process to be completed. A vigorous publicity drive convinced the public that the government was serious about implementing the programme and providing technical advice and help in th e design and construction of RWH structures.This led to unprecedented activity across the towns and cities of the State, especially Chennai city, and the programme was seen as successful. In this endeavour, however, very few turned to the municipal corporation, private consultants or NGOs with the relevant expertise for assistance in designing and building their RWH structures. Most relied on plumbers or their own expertise. Independent experts pointed out several problems with the programme, noting that ) the time given for the implementation of this ordinance was too short; b) there were far too few professionals with the knowledge and experience needed to design appropriate systems for the widely varying conditions; c) the supply of trained and skilled labour to implement the works was also inadequate to cope with the scale and speed of the programme; d) the availability of quality materials for implementation was also inadequate; and e) there was hardly any systematic follow-up to check the quality of the works reported to be completed.There were widespread but unverified reports that, simply in order to meet the stipulations, grossly inadequate RWH structures had been put in place; the capacity as well as quality of design and implementation leaving much to be desired. This was an instance of decentralisation that, despite the presence of a â€Å"felt need†, occurred without adequate consultation. The legislation in regard of RWH was welcome but the actual programme was poorly implemented and monitored. Although the programme applied to all classes of housing, it ignored those living in informal settlements such as slums within the city limits.These areas could have benefited from RWH in public building and public spaces — an aspect that received very little attention. Moreover, no steps were taken under this programme to reclaim tanks and wetlands in the city that, in the past, not only functioned as recharge structures but were also used a s sources of domestic water by communities. † The Government has since 2009 been working towards cleaning up the waterways of Chennai. This effort has seen the government draw on municipal corporation, private consultants and NGOs with the relevant expertise to work on this massive effort.There is a project with an outlay of Rs 1,400 crore (approx US $300 million) to make the city flood-free[[vii]]. In March 2010 the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority held a Seminar on Waterways in Chennai. The proceedings [[viii] ] contain a list of 36 recommendations and some of them are re-produced here: 1. The sequence of actions to tackle the problem may be – (a) flood alleviation (b) prevention of pollution to the waterways (c) cleaning up of the waterways by removing encroachments & obstructions (d) restoration / improvements to the waterways and its continued maintenance. . Floods are opportunities to augment ground water recharge to be facilitated by construction of che ck dams, filter wells, and underground tunnels/storage reservoirs, if the soil conditions and slopes permit. 3. Flood plains should be developed along the waterways in the areas outside the towns and cities, adopting the retention model, as a solution against flood hazards; these flood plains could be developed as parks or green belts for recreation such as camp sites. 4. Eco-engineering should also be adopted as a solution to bring nature back and rejuvenate the rivers. 5.It is recommended that corporate sector participation, and general public participation, in planning and improvement of lakes and rivers should be encouraged. Cleaning up of rivers and conservation of water bodies should be thought of as a movement with the participation of all stakeholders including the general public. 6. Adequate public awareness about the hazards of pollution of water bodies and the remedial measures has to be created by organizing community education campaigns. Getting the citizens involved is important, ‘Saving Waterways’ should become a people’s movement. . Use of sewage for power generation and recycling of waste water should be encouraged. 8. Area development plans prepared at micro level, such as Detailed Development Plans, should contain plans for ground water recharge, at least in large premises such as schools and public places. Sustainability measures should form part of the Integrated River Restoration Plans. What is evident here is that the outcomes of studies take time to percolate down to the agencies mandated to make the changes required for sustainability. It also requires a good amount of political will.Much of the change of attitude of governmental institutions can also be traced backed to strong political thrust to implement the changes. Results Data on change in groundwater quantity and quality has to be presented here, mostly based on media stories. Some researchers feel that the effects of rain water harvesting and subsequent grou nd water recharge are so noticeable that quantifying is not a priority. The Table below (Figure 3) shows the number of rain water harvesting structures built by the Corporation of Chennai, as reported on its website. Rain Water Harvesting done by Corporation of Chennai Corporation owned buildings |1344 Structures | |Flyovers and Bridges |29 Structures | |Open low-lying areas |242 Structures | |Road Margins |945 Structures | |Corporation Streets |2698 Structures | |Corporation pond |1 No. | |Temple Tanks |16 Nos. | |Residential / Commercial / Institution Buildings |329959 Buildings | Figure 3[[ix]] An article published in a leading daily in Chennai, The Hindu, dated January, 31 2009 had many interesting points to make about the results of RWH and ground-water recharge. [x]] â€Å"The CMWSSB study of 759 RWH observatory wells shows that ever since the installation of RWH structures in about 500,000 of its consumer households was made mandatory in 2004, there has been a 50 per ce nt rise in the water level. According to the CMWSSB officials, over the last five years, the water level across the city has gone up by three to six metres. Similarly, the water quality in several areas has also showed improvement. The sustained normal rainfall since 2004 and the proper maintenance of RWH structures in most households have been the principal reasons. Following the drought period in 2003, when Chennai received only about 690 mm of rainfall as against its normal of 1,200 mm, the water table had receded and, on an average, was at 7-8 metres below ground. In many places it was at 10 m depth and, in some, it was at 10 m.Following a good monsoon (2,064 mm) in 2005 and rainwater harvesting, the ground water table saw an appreciable rise in several areas and the water table reached 1 m depth below ground. The total dissolved solids (TDS), which were earlier as high as 4,900 parts per million (ppm) in some areas, dropped to permissible levels of 500 ppm, greatly improving th e quality of water (see Figure 4). [pic] Figure 4[10] â€Å"Before the onset of every monsoon, Metrowater officials conduct a random check of the RWH structures for their maintenance and create awareness about the need to keep these in good shape. Harnessing of rainwater that gets collected in storm water drain network would help reduce the inundation on roads and large volumes of water draining into sea every year†¦..Unless rainwater runoff in both public and private spaces in the city is harnessed, Chennai may lose out on the precious resource and may end up with water problems during the summer months,† note rain-water harvesting experts. Conclusions This presentation has tried to show that it takes many years of persistent effort to address a problem in civil society. In Chennai, and indeed the whole of Tamil Nadu, the problem was one of water stress. Research showed that the available rainfall could help people cope but fresh water from the rain was being lost to th e sea. Based on this, a proposal was made that ground water recharge was a viable, low-cost solution. This proposal had to be championed. Prof. Vaidyanathan and the then Chairman of CMWSSB, Shanta Sheela Nair, did just that.They showed with great determination and several pilot studies that rain water harvesting would be viable and worthwhile. They managed to convince the government of this, and RWH became a statutory requirement for all buildings in the state. Monitoring the quantity and quality of the ground water has shown the significant changes this legislation has brought in. As a side-effect a greater understanding of the need to clean, preserve and secure all types of fresh water bodies has prevailed among the political circles, bureaucracy, NGOs and civil society. The people have also shown great resolve in implementing the solution since it directly affects their lives.The type of study conducted by MCRC and CSE can be a methodology to assess the water sources, consumption pattern, per capita availability and requirement particularly in developing countries. This way the water supply system can be better planned and implemented to be sustainable. References ———————– [i] http://www. rainwaterharvesting. org/Crisis/Urbanwater-scenario. htm [ii] Balakrishnan, T. , Technical Report Series District Groundwater Brochure, Chennai District, Tamil Nadu. Central Ground Water Board, South East Coastal Region, Chennai, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, November 2008. Published by Regional Director, CGWB, SECR, E-1, Rajaji Bhavan, Besant Nagar, Chennai -600090, Tel:+9144 24912941/24914494, Fax +9144 24914334 Web: www. cgwb. gov. in email [email  protected] in iii] Thomas, Joseph, Sustainable Fresh Water Supply for Madras (now Chennai) City, India (Contract No. S$P/95/0042) Final report submitted to UNICEF, 73, Lodi Estate , New Delhi 110 003, Printed by Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre, Tharamani, Madras (now Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India 600 113, May 1997. [iv] A. Vaidyanathan & J. Saravanan, Chennai’s Water Supply Problems and Prospects (A background paper) National Water Harvestors Network –Tamil Nadu Unit, Centre for Science and Environment. (undated circa 2000) [v] http://www. manage. gov. in/managelib/extdig/Jul99Water. htm [vi] Vaidyanathan, A. with Saravanan, J. ‘The Urban Water Scene: A Case Study -Water Situation in Chennai City’ in A.Vaidyanathan, India’s Water Resources: Contemporary Issues on Irrigation. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 209-247 (2006). [vii] http://www. business-standard. com/india/news/tn-govt-to-takers-1400-cr-flood-control-project/397769/ [viii] http://www. cmdachennai. gov. in/pdfs/SeminarOnWaterways/1. pdf [ix] http://www. chennaicorporation. gov. in/departments/storm-water-drain/introduction. htm [x] http://www. hindu. com/pp/2009/01/31/stories/2009013150010100. htm Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the Villgro Innovations Foundation for the time given to write this paper. The valuable inputs from J. Saravanan also gave the author the confidence to make some of the conclusions presented here.

Biography of Matthew Ridgway, Korean War General

Matthew Ridgway (March 3, 1895–July 26, 1993) was a US Army commander who led the United Nations troops in Korea in 1951. He later served as Chief of Staff of the US Army, where he advised against American intervention in Vietnam. Ridgway retired in 1955 and was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan. Fast Facts: Matthew Ridgway Known For: Ridgway was a U.S. military officer who commanded United Nations troops during the Korean War.Born: March 3, 1895 in Fort Monroe, VirginiaParents: Thomas and Ruth RidgwayDied: July 26, 1993 in Fox Chapel, PennsylvaniaEducation: United States Military AcademySpouse(s): Julia Caroline  (m. 1917–1930), Margaret Wilson Dabney (m. 1930–1947), Mary Princess Anthony Long (m. 1947-1993)Children: Matthew Jr. Early Life Matthew Bunker Ridgway was born on March 3, 1895, at Fort Monroe, Virginia. The son of Colonel Thomas Ridgway and Ruth Bunker Ridgway, he was reared on Army posts across the United States and took pride in being an army brat. Graduating from English High School in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1912, he decided to follow in his fathers footsteps and applied for acceptance to West Point. Deficient in mathematics, he failed in his first attempt, but after extensive study of the subject he gained entry the following year. Ridgway was classmates with Mark Clark and two years behind Dwight D. Eisenhower and Omar Bradley.  Their class graduated early due to the U.S. entry into World War I. Later that year, Ridgway married Julia Caroline Blount, with whom he would have two daughters, Constance and Shirley. The couple would divorce in 1930. Early Career Commissioned a second lieutenant, Ridgway was quickly advanced to first lieutenant and then given the temporary rank of captain as the U.S. Army expanded due to the war. Sent to Eagle Pass, Texas, he briefly commanded an infantry company in the 3rd Infantry Regiment before being sent back to West Point in 1918 to teach Spanish and manage the athletic program. At the time, Ridgway was upset with the assignment as he believed combat service during the war would be critical to future advancement and that the soldier who had had no share in this last great victory of good over evil would be ruined. In the years after the war, Ridgway moved through routine peacetime assignments and was selected for the Infantry School in 1924. Rising Through the Ranks Completing the course of instruction, Ridgway was dispatched to Tientsin, China, to command a company of the 15th Infantry Regiment. In 1927, he was asked by Major General Frank Ross McCoy to take part in a mission to Nicaragua due to his skills in Spanish. Though Ridgway had hoped to qualify for the 1928 U.S. Olympic pentathlon team, he recognized that the assignment could greatly advance his career. Ridgway traveled south, where he aided in supervising free elections. Three years later, he was assigned as the military advisor to the Governor-General of the Philippines, Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. His success in this post led to his appointment to the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth. This was followed by two years at the Army War College. World War II After graduating in 1937, Ridgway saw service as the deputy chief of staff for the Second Army and later the assistant chief of staff of the Fourth Army. His performance in these roles caught the eye of General George Marshall, who had him transferred to the War Plans Division in September 1939. The following year, Ridgway received a promotion to lieutenant colonel. With the U.S. entry into World War II in December 1941, Ridgway was fast-tracked to higher command. Promoted to brigadier general in January 1942, he was made assistant division commander of the 82nd Infantry Division. Ridgway was later promoted and given command of the division after Bradley, now a major general, was sent to the 28th Infantry Division. Airborne Now a major general, Ridgway oversaw the 82nds transition into the U.S. Armys first airborne division and on August 15 was officially re-designated the 82nd Airborne Division. Ridgway pioneered airborne training techniques and was credited with turning the unit into a highly effective combat division. Though initially resented by his men for being a leg (non-airborne qualified), he ultimately gained his paratrooper wings. Ordered to North Africa, the 82nd Airborne began training for the invasion of Sicily. Ridgway led the division into battle in July 1943. Spearheaded by Colonel James M. Gavins 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, the 82nd sustained heavy losses largely due to problems outside of Ridgways control such as widespread issues with friendly fire. Major General Matthew B. Ridgway (center), Commanding General, 82nd Airborne Division, and staff, overlooking the battlefield near Ribera, Sicily, 25 July 1943. USMHI Italy In the wake of the Sicily operation, plans were made to have the 82nd Airborne play a role in the invasion of Italy. Subsequent operations led to the cancellation of two airborne assaults and instead Ridgways troops dropped into the Salerno beachhead as reinforcements. They helped hold the beachhead and then participated in offensive operations, including breaking through the Volturno Line. D-Day In November 1943, Ridgway and the 82nd departed the Mediterranean and were sent to Britain to prepare for D-Day. After several months of training, the 82nd was one of three Allied airborne divisions—along with the U.S. 101st Airborne and the British 6th Airborne—to land in Normandy on the night of June 6, 1944. Jumping with the division, Ridgway exerted direct control over his men and led the division as it attacked objectives to the west of Utah Beach. The division advanced toward Cherbourg in the weeks after landing. Market-Garden Following the campaign in Normandy, Ridgway was appointed to lead the new XVIII Airborne Corps which consisted of the 17th, 82nd, and 101st Airborne Divisions. He supervised the actions of the 82nd and 101st during their participation in Operation Market-Garden in September 1944. This saw American airborne forces capture key bridges in the Netherlands. Troops from XVIII Corps later played a key role in turning back the Germans during the Battle of the Bulge that December. In June 1945, he was promoted to lieutenant general and dispatched to the Pacific to serve under General Douglas MacArthur. Arriving as the war with Japan was ending, he briefly oversaw Allied forces on Luzon before returning west to command U.S. forces in the Mediterranean. In the years after World War II, Ridgway moved through several senior peacetime commands. Korean War Appointed Deputy Chief of Staff in 1949, Ridgway was in this position when the Korean War began in June 1950. Knowledgeable about operations in Korea, he was ordered there in December 1950 to replace the recently killed General Walton Walker as commander of the battered Eighth Army. After meeting with MacArthur, who was the supreme United Nations commander, Ridgway was given latitude to operate the Eighth Army as he saw fit. In Korea, Ridgway found the Eighth Army in full retreat in the face of a massive Chinese offensive. Lieutenant General Matthew B. Ridgway, circa. 1951. Public Domain An aggressive leader, Ridgway immediately began working to restore his mens fighting spirit. He rewarded officers who were aggressive and conducted offensive operations when able. In April 1951, after several major disagreements, President Harry S. Truman relieved MacArthur and replaced him with Ridgway, who oversaw U.N. forces and served as military governor of Japan. Over the next year, Ridgway slowly pushed back the North Koreans and Chinese with the goal of re-taking all of the Republic of Koreas territory. He also oversaw the restoration of Japans sovereignty and independence on April 28, 1952. Chief of Staff In May 1952, Ridgway left Korea to succeed Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, for the newly formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). During his tenure, he made significant progress in improving the organizations military structure, though his frank manner sometimes led to political difficulties. For his success in Korea and Europe, Ridgway was appointed U.S. Army Chief of Staff on August 17, 1953. That year, Eisenhower, now president, asked Ridgway for an assessment of possible U.S. intervention in Vietnam. Strongly opposed to such an action, Ridgway prepared a report that showed that massive numbers of American troops would be needed to achieve victory. This clashed with Eisenhower, who wished to expand American involvement. The two men also fought over Eisenhowers plan to dramatically reduce the size of the U.S. Army, with Ridgway arguing that it was necessary to retain enough strength to counter the growing threat from the Soviet Union. Death After numerous battles with Eisenhower, Ridgway retired on June 30, 1955. He went on to serve on numerous private and corporate boards while continuing to advocate for a strong military and minimal involvement in Vietnam. Ridgway died on July 26, 1993, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. A dynamic leader, his former comrade Omar Bradley once remarked that Ridgways performance with the Eighth Army in Korea was the greatest feat of personal leadership in the history of the Army.